FUNNY(日本) 发表于 2013-1-27 21:57:17

分享下。。我博弈论的笔记

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、什么是博弈论?</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 博弈论研究策略形式。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、什么是策略形式?</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 先看什么不属于策略形式:自由竞争企业,他们是价格接受者,他们不用担心他们的竞争对手的行为,比如说垄断企业没有竞争对手,他们不是价格接受者,但面对需求曲线,介于这两种情况之间的就是策略形势,即不完全竞争的情况,比如汽车产业,福特关注通用和丰田的行为,少数几家公司的决策会相互影响。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 策略形式书面定义是,行为影响结果,然而结果不仅取决于你的行为,还取决于其他人的行为。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、博弈论适用于什么领域?</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 经济学、政治学、法学、生物学、体育</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我们涉及行为、策略、参与人,而且我们知道不同的结果,但我们忽略了一个博弈必备</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">的要素:动机、利益、参与人关心什么。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们有两种情况,一种只在意自己的利益,另一种在意他人的利益</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">结论:</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 不要选择绝对劣势策略</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 若要不是经济学,理性的选择(人们都不去选择绝对劣势策略)使总结果变得</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">糟糕</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 囚徒困境:两个罪犯都被指控,分别关进牢房单独提审,两人都知道如果他们不坦白,他们都只要需要坐一年牢,都坦白,两人都要做两年牢,要是你坦白而他不坦白,你无罪释放而他坐五年牢。不管别人怎么样,你必须要坦白</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">生活案例:</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 年末都不打扫寝室卫生,为什么?第一你指望别人打扫,这是最希望的将结果,第二,你为大家打扫卫生是你最不希望的结果。如果别人不打扫,你最好也别打扫,因为最不想干的事情就是为别人打扫卫生;要是别人打扫完了,我赚了。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp; 离婚纠纷、企业打价格战</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、我们怎么化解这种情况?</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp; 重复可以促成合作,本质上不是缺少沟通,协议的效力大于口头约定,违约协议是有责</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">任的,它影响收益。苏联 非洲</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">参与人的收益不同会怎么样?</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">协和谬误 Coordination problem</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">结论3 你无法得到想要的</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;&nbsp; 简单博弈,结论收益很重要,我们改变了收益,改变了目的,我们就改变了博弈,改变</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">了结果</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">你欲求之,必先知之 you can't get you want unless you konw what you want</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">从逻辑上讲这不合理,有可能你想要的东西在不经意就来到了,但从策略上讲,这是个</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">不错的想法,它可以在我们分析博弈前先弄清我们的目的是什么。</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">局中人都是 evil gits or indignant angles</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">就像下象棋一样,你不但要想清楚自己怎么走棋,还要猜测你这样走之后对方会如何应对</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">策略分析的重要内容、核心要学会换位思考,去分析他们的收益是什么,然后以此得出他们会怎么做</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">结论4 站在别人的立场上去分析他们会怎么做</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, STHeiTi, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">结论5 大多数人都很自私</span>
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